Lippia citriodora

(syn. Aloysia triphylla, Aloysia citriodora)

Description:
Verbena absolute is a fragrant extract derived from the lemon-scented leaves of Lippia citriodora, a shrub native to South America and now widely cultivated in Mediterranean climates. Unlike the more common essential oil, the absolute is obtained through solvent extraction and is deeper, more rounded, and longer-lasting in perfume compositions.

Aroma Profile:
Bright, citrusy, and green with sweet, herbal-floral nuances and a soft lemon balm-like undertone. The absolute has more body than the essential oil and adds a sparkling, uplifting freshness to compositions.

Uses in Perfumery:
Often used in cologne, floral bouquets, green accords, and herbal compositions, verbena absolute imparts radiance and a refreshing lift. It's also used to introduce natural lemony notes without the instability of citrus oils.

Regions:
South America (native), cultivated in France, Spain, North Africa

Extraction Method:
Solvent extraction from dried leaves

Goes Well With:
Lemongrass, rose, lavender, litsea cubeba, neroli, basil, petitgrain

Unique Characteristics:
Verbena absolute offers a more persistent and less volatile lemon scent than citrus oils. It is sometimes confused with lemon verbena essential oil, though the two differ significantly in tenacity and depth.

Descriptive Language Categories

Note Family: Citrus, Green, Herbal, Floral

Texture: Silky, light, bright, leafy

Emotion: Uplifting, cheerful, refreshing, clear-headed

Analogy: Morning lemon tea, sunlit garden herbs, lemon zest on a cool breeze

Cautions:
Verbena (especially the essential oil) may be sensitising. Always check concentration and batch-specific safety.

Chrysopogon zizanioides (formerly Vetiveria zizanoides)

Description:
Vetiver oil is steam-distilled from the fibrous rootlets of a tall perennial grass native to India, but now cultivated in tropical regions including Haiti, Réunion, Java, and the Caribbean. Prized since antiquity for its grounding aroma and fixative qualities, vetiver offers a wide olfactory range depending on origin and aging. Freshly distilled vetiver may exhibit a cool, damp, earthy scent—sometimes likened to raw potato—whereas aged vetiver deepens into smoother, woody, smoky, and resinous nuances.

Uses in Perfumery:
Used as a base note and natural fixative, vetiver lends depth and longevity to a composition. It is essential in chypre, fougère, oriental, and woody accords. Its complexity also makes it suitable for soliflore interpretations and gender-neutral fragrances.

Regions:
India, Haiti, Indonesia (Java), Réunion, Caribbean

Extraction Method:
Steam distillation from washed, dried, and chopped rootlets

Goes Well With:
Sandalwood, patchouli, oakmoss, labdanum, bergamot, clary sage, rose, cedarwood

Unique Characteristics:
Vetiver’s aroma profile varies greatly by terroir and treatment. Haitian vetiver is smoother and more refined; Javanese vetiver is smokier and more tenacious. Often referred to as the “oil of tranquillity,” vetiver is grounding, stabilizing, and emotionally soothing.

Descriptive Language Categories

Note Family: Woody, Earthy, Smoky, Balsamic

Texture: Damp, rooty, resinous, velvety, mineral

Emotion: Grounding, contemplative, meditative, nostalgic

Analogy: Damp soil after rain, aged oakwood, forest floor, smoked roots

Arctander Tag (paraphrased):
"Heavy, woody-earthy oil of great tenacity, with a sweet, balsamic-ambergris-like undertone. One of the most important fixatives of perfumery."